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1. 빈출 어휘 및 여러 표현
#가정법
종류 구조 의미
현재 If 현재, will/can/may V ~라면 ~일 것이다
과거 If 과거, would/could/might V ~라면 ~일 텐데 (현재사실과 반대)
과거완료 If had p.p, would/could/might have p.p ~였더라면 ~였을텐데 (과거사실 반대)
혼합 If had p.p, would V 과거에 ~였더라면, 지금 ~일텐데
ex) 혼합가정법 예문 : If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now.
If 생략 도치
If I were you Were I you
If he had known Had he known
If it should rain Should it rain
가정법 관용표현
표현 의미 예문
I wish+과거 ~이면 좋겠다(현재불만) I wish I were taller.
I wish+had p.p ~였으면 좋았을텐데(과거후회) I wish I had studied more.
v As if+과거 마치 ~인 것처럼(현재) He act as if he were a boss.
v As if+had p.p 마치 ~였던 것처럼(과거) She talked as if she had been there.
v It's time+과거 이제 ~ 할 때다 It's time you went to bed.
Without/But for ~가 없었다면 Without your help, I would have failed.
#조동사
조동사+have p.p (과거추측/후회)
표현 의미 뉘앙스 예문
must have p.p ~였음에 틀림없다:추측 과거 강한 확신 He must have forgotten.
~했어야 한다:의무 He must have paid the fee.
v can't have p.p ~였을 리 없다 과거 강한 부정
may/might have p.p ~였을지도 모른다 과거 약한 추측
would have p.p ~였을 것이다 과거 추측/가정법
v should have p.p ~했어야 했는데 과거 후회/비난 should have been [슛드-빈]
shouldn't have p.p ~하지 말았어야 했는데 과거 후회/비난
v could have p.p ~할 수 있었는데 과거 가능성/아쉬움
needn't have p.p ~할 필요 없었는데 불필요한 행동 후회
토익에서 특히 중요한 것
would 과거습관
He would often stay late 그는 종종 늦게까지 있곤 했다.
used to와 비슷하지만, 'would+상태동사'는 불가XXX
I used to know her. (O) <-> I would know her. (X)
should 의무vs추측
You should submit it by Friday. 금요일까지 제출해야 해(의무)
It should be ready by now. 지금쯤 준비됐을 거야(추측)
may vs might 차이
may = 50% 가능성
might = 30% 이하 가능성
#동사
streamline (v)간소화하다,능률적으로하다 / (a)streamlined 유선형의
#분사
challenging work 어려운 일
demanding task 힘든 일
overwhelming result 압도적 결과
increasing demand 수요의 증가
promising occupation 유망 직종
missing luggage 분실 화물
following year 다음 해
preceding years 지난 몇년 (preceded X)
v rewarding work 보람찬 일
lasting effect 지속 효과
v opposing views 반대 의견
remaining work 잔업
written consent 서면 동의
customized solution 맞춤 솔루션
reduced price 할인가
signed contract 서명된 계약
distinguishing characteristics 구별되는 특징 (distingushied X)
#부사
v loosely 느슨하게, *막연하게/대략
v begrudgingly 마지못해, 아까운듯이
narrowly 좁게, 간신히
apparently 보아하니, 보기에는
intermittenly 간헐적으로, 가끔씩
#전치사
in place of -대신에
on account of -때문에
on a very regualar basis 아주 정기적으로
on a preferential basis 우선적으로
regarding ~관해 (regarding to <- XXX)
#명사
a price reduction 가격인하
corredpondent 기자,특파원 vs conrrespondence 통신,일치
little information 적은 정보
Amount of claim: $135.00 청구액:135달러
exhausted 탈진한/기진맥진한 <-> exhuast 배출(하다) ex) the exhaust fan 환기팬
#형용사
v opinionated 독선적인,자기주장이강한
v disapproving 못마땅해하는,반대하는
weeklong 일주일 내내, lifelong 평생의 (ex: daylong, yearlong, monthlong, nightlong)
#전명구/숙어
vv (up)on -ing ~하자마자
in -ing ~함에 있어서
v from 시간/시점 onward 시간/시점 부터 쭉 ex) from 6p.m. onward
v (by) courtesy of ~덕분에/~호의로
make known 알리다 (=convey the informaion)
get things underway 일을 진행시키다
shed light on ~을 밝히다, 비추다 ex) attempts to shed more light on the mystery
As it turn out, S+V ~. 밝혀진대로, 알려진대로
v on top of ~외에도
as to ~에 관해 / as of ~부로,~부터
confide in A ~에게 (비밀을) 털어놓다
v opt for A ~를 선택하다 *발음(offer처럼 들림)*
to the contrary 그와 반대로
promptly at 시간 : 정각에/즉시 (ex: promptly at 7p.m. <- 신속하게 이외의 뜻)
v only after : ~한 후에야 비로소
#불가산
storage 보관,저장/창고 (=repertory=stockpile)
#헷갈림
home cooks *요리사 <-> home cooker 요리도구
v beV dependent on ~에 달려있다 <-> 일반V depending on ~에 따라
and subsequently 그 후에, 그 결과로서 = and then =and after
fray 닳게 하다 ex) frayed and worn out 닳고 낡은
implicate 관련시키다, 연루시키다
v contingent ~에 따라 결정되는, 우연한 = dependent = uncertain = probable
confer on/with/about ~에게/~와/~에 대해 주다, 수여하다 ex) trust citizens confer on those they elect
v insinuate 암시하다, 넌지시 내비치다 = allude = ascribe = imply = indicate ex) insinuation 암시
plenary *발음(플레너리)* 전원출석한, 완전한
instigate (toV) ~하도록 부추기다, 강구하다 <-> investigate 조사하다
nuisance 골칫거리, 귄찮은 일 <-> nuance 미묘한 차이
v stipulate 규정하다, (계약에 따라) 명시화 하다 (stimulation(s) 규정(들))<-> stimulate 자극하다
trade in/for 교환하다/~에 거래되다
v *used toV ~였다/~하곤했다(현재는 아니다) <-> be used toV ~에 사용되다 <-> used to N/~ing ~에 익숙하다 ex) There used to be a thing called a prestige accent 예전에 ~가 있었다
direction to/on N: ~방향,길 / ~관한 지시,방침 (ex: directions to a center/on the project)
unattended (상태) 방치된 <-> inattentive (행동/성격) 부주의한
at least 적어도 <-> the least 최소한 ex) the least expensive 가장 저렴한
#표현
v N of all time 역대급 ex) the some of the highest grossing sequels of all time. 역대 최고 수익 속편들 중 일부
take the time and initiative 시간을 내고, 주도권을 잡다(=솔선수범하다) ex) Thanks for taking the time and initiative
bridge the gap 격차를 해소하다 ex) in bridging the gap between the rich and poor
A as that of B ex) I see my role as that of a facilitator 내 역할 = 조력자(진행자)의 그것(여기선 역할)
Have you been making N ~? N하고 있었어? ex) Have you been making inquires 문의해보셨나요?
sign the pact 계약/조약에 서명하다 ex) Preferencial tariff rates for any country that agrees to sign the pact. (any+단수/복수n, any of+복수n만)
N with much to offer 제공/기여/제안할 것이 많은 ex) Although an employee with much to offer, ~
v in+시간 ~후에 / within+시간 ~안에
of 와 같이 쓰는 단어 : inform/notify/warn/remind/alert A of B (alert A about B도 ok)
not A until B : B가 되어서야 A하다(=B까지 A가 없다/아니다) ex) The session isn't until tomorrow morning. (세션은 내일 아침이 돼서야 시작됩니다.=내일 아침까지 세션이 없다.)
#package
severance package 퇴직금
benefits package 복리후생
stimulus package 경기부양책
golden parachute package 경영진에게는 고액의 퇴직금, 스톡옵션, 보너스를, 회사에는 적대적 M&A 방어라는 두 가지 목적을 제공하는 특별 보상 계약
(financail) bailout (package) 구제금융계획
#beyond (전명구로서, 'narrowed/broad in scope' 범위 내 <- 이런 느낌)
beyond repair 수리불가능한 (beyond repairs X)
beyond one's control 통제할 수 없는
v beyond one's means 분수에 맞지 않는 (living beyond the means)
beyond one's reach 손이 닿지 않는/능력을 넘어선
beyond one's capabilities/power 능력 밖의
beyond expectation(s) 예상을 뛰어넘는 (beyond all expectations)
beyond belief 믿을 수 없는
beyond recognition 알아볼 수 없을 정도로
beyond description 형언할 수 없는
beyond question 의심할 여지가 없는 (= beyond doubt = no doubt)
beyond hope 가망없는
#감정명사를 앞에서 끄는 To
To one's surprise 놀랍게도 (With one's surprise X)
To one's joy 기쁘게도
To one's sorrow/regret 유감스럽게도
To one's disappointment 실망스럽게도
To one's relief 다행스럽게도
#전명구 at
v at one's expense ~의 비용으로 (at our own expenses 자비로)
at all times 항상/언제나
at your earliest convenience 가급적빨리 (=asap)
v at (the) latest 늦어도
at (the) least 적어도
at a rate of ~의 비율/속도로
at random 무작위로
at first 처음에/당초에는
at no cost 무료로 (=free of charge)
#couldn't
It couldn't be better. 더 이상 좋을 수 없다. (=최고다, 매우 좋다)
v I couldn't agree more. 격하게 공감해. (=전적으로 동의해)
v I couldn't care less. 전혀 관심없다. (=내 알바 아니다.)
I couldn't be happier. 너무 행복해
I couldn't be prouder. 정말 자랑스러워
I couldn't be more excited. 너무 신나
I couldn't be more grateful. 정말 감사해
I couldn't be more surprised. 정말 놀랐어
#out of N
#away 동사구
file away 정리해서 보관하다 (vs file '단순히' 철하다,보관하다)
put away 치워두다
store away 저장해두다
tuck away 깊숙이 넣어두다
lock away 잠궈서 보관하다
#cannot ~ enough 아무리 ~해도 충분치 않다 (즉, "매우 ~하다")
cannot thank you enough 아무리 감사해도 부족하다
cannot stress enough 아무리 강조해도 부족하다
cannot emphasize enough 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않다
cannot recommend enough 강력히 추천한다
cannot praise enough 아무리 칭찬해도 부족하다
#incur vt <-> occur recur concur : 모두 vi
(부정적인 것을)초래하다/발생시키다 + costs/losses/penalties/debt/damage
incur expenses 비용이 발생하다 "Travel expenses incurred will be reimbursed." & expenses inccured 발생비용
incur costs 비용을 초래하다 "The delay incurred additional costs."
incur losses 손실이 발생하다 "The company incurred heavy losses."
incur debt 부채가 생기다 "They incurred significant debt."
incur penalties 벌금이 부과되다 "Late payment will incur penalties."
incur damage 피해를 입다 "The building incurred serious damage."
incur liability 책임이 발생하다 "Signing this incurs liability."
2. 유튜브
긴급처방전
4/12대비 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI4RVhcrPuo&t=1815s
5. increase *exponentailly (exponentailly 기하급수적으로, extremly busy/difficult는 강도/정도를 강조)
9. work *on the project (프로젝트 작업을 하다, towrad + 목표)
10. work *with chemicals (화학을 작업하는게 아니라, 다루는 일을 할때)
15. park in an *enclosed parking lot (park 주차하다V enclosed 동봉된/밀폐된/딸려있는 <-> included는 포함됐다는 포괄성이 있지만, 장소를 꾸미기인 부적절)
17. elaborated *on the plan (explained는 on이 없어야)
18. *while in transit/session, on vacation, under construction (during 뒤에 또 전치사 오면 어색)
23. lie in 존재하다/메여있다 (=exist=depend on)
24. flee from/to 달아나다 (=escape)
25. flock to 모이다 (=gather at=crowd)
27. emerging industry (신흥 산업, emerge vi였던 것은 형용사화 된 구조에도 -ing에 적합)
28. *confidence building (신뢰 구축, 복합n)
33. (in advance of/prior to/ahead *of) the deadline (ahead of가 한 묶음)
35. despite being new to the firm (회사에 처음임에도, ing구문을 동명사로 이끄는 대표적인 것이 despite -ing이며, during -ing는 어색함)
**37. He will decide *who will present at the conference. (주어와 목적어가 없는 불완전한 문장이 아니라, 회의때 present한다는 것은 '입'으로 발표한다는 것이며, 발표는 사람이 해야 하므로 what은 안된다.)
38. It is *of exceptional quality (of quality, with는 어색함)
4/26대비 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOdzj0H3PTg
3. apply for open/vacant positions (공석, opened은 물리적으로 열려진 느낌이며 형용사형태를 굳이 분사로 바꿔가면서까지 쓸 필요는 없음)
8. A panel of industry *professionals (a전문적인/n전문가 여기선 사람n로 쓰임, professions같이 -sion로 끝나는 사람명사는 거의 없다.)
16. Due to *worsening market conditions (*worsen(악화하다)자체가 pp가 아닌 일반형이다)
*19. Last outage was *largely due to (*(빈출)largely due to : 대게 ~때문이었다, largely(부사)가 보어역할을 하기에 보어 역할을 하는 due to를 수식)
21. after completing *their training session. (all이면 sessions이어야하며, the와 같이 the next가 오면 맞다. 단, next Friday 같은건 가능)
24. share *A with B : A를 공유하다, provide A with *B : B를 공유하다
1. It is not installed completely/at all. (totally도 완전히지만, totally different/agree with you 이렇게 쓰이기 때문에, completely와 쓰임이 약간 다르다)
3. S are ~ and __ S is ~. (and + thus/therefore/consequently같이 쓰이며, and가 순접이므로 역접속부사however은 어색하며, 접속사since가 같이 나올 수 없음)
**6. They will be expected to participate *the entire day (하루종일, 전치사 없는 시점/기간은 *부사처럼 인식, participate : vi)
*7. before their __ departures (여기서 departures는 명사이며, intentional의도적인/intended예정된 중 *intended departures가 적절하다. intention departures의도출발도 어색할 뿐더러 복합명사는 아무나 못한다)
5/31대비 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16TiHBlGORI&t=1s
1. He decided to cut (down/off) expenses ~. (cut down 줄이다, cut off 차단하다/관계를끊다, 비용을 끊어내는 것 보다는 reduce느낌이 맞다)
2. You should refrain (from/by) making personal comments ~. (refrain from ~을 자제하다/삼가다, 한덩어리로 생각하자)
*3. It is now beyond (repair/repairs). (beyond repair 수리불가능한, 한덩어리로 생각)
5. We are currently make allowances (for/with) the recent ~. (make allowance for ~을 참작/감안하다)
*6. The shipment arrvied (on/by) land, which was much cheaper ~. (여기서 by는 수동태가 아닌, '수단'을 의미하며, by land육로로, by air비행기로, by bus버스로 등의 의미이다.)
8. I was taken (by/with) surprise when she announced ~. (be taken by surprise 깜짝놀라다, 한덩어리로 생각)
*9. He is currently (under/in) consideration. (under consideration고려중인, under review검토중인, under construction건설중인 등의 의미이다. in consideration of ~을 고려하여이며, 'of'까지 있어야 한다)
11. Living beyond their (means/hopes), they found it impossible ~. (beyond one's means 분수에 넘치는/형편에 맞지 않은, 한덩어리로 생각하자)
*13. The engineer strongly (told/advised) against using the old machinery ~. (advise against 하지말라고 하다/반대하다, 한덩어리로 생각하자, tell against는 어색하며 tell me만 생각)
15. He was honored (for/to) his outstanding contributions ~. (be honored for 인정받다/영예,명예를 얻다/영광이다)
*16. Employees will be required to have it repaired (for/at) their own expenses. (at one's expenses 자비로, 한덩어리로 생각하자, have it repaired는 5형식)
17. (With/To) our surprise, the project was completed three days ahead of the original plan. (to one's surprise 놀랍게도, 감정명사를 앞에서 끌때 쓰이는 전치사는 To 이다.)
18. be about to V원형 막 ~하려하다 (~ing X)
19. raise questions about 의문을 제기하다, voice concerns 우려를 표명하다, vocie one's opinion 의견을 말하다
20. The ship is scheduled to be (on/in) port for three days ~. (in port정박하여, on port경유하여)
*21. It did come (closed/close) to hitting the target revenue for this year. (come close to N/-ing 가까워지다, 한덩어리로 생각. 목표 매출 달성에 가까워지다)
*22. a (benefitted/benefit) concert (benefit concert 자선행사, benefitted는 수혜받은행사? 어색함)
23. (contibute/write/publish) to a magazine (contibute to 투고하다, wirte/publish는 Vt)
24. go a step (up/forward) (go a step forward 한 걸음 더 나아가다, go a step 전진하다에 foward를 부사처럼 사용해서 '앞으로'의 의미를 담음)
*25. (according to/out of) respect for his privacy, ~. (out of respect 존경심에서, 무지성으로 according to 고르지 않기!)
30. The items (such/that/what) are listed on the list will be purchased ~. (주격관대사that 이 정답, what은 선행사(앞에서 수식받는 명사)를 포함하기 때문에 앞에 items이 있으므로 틀렸다.)
*31. Article (submissions/submitted) for Nature must not exeed 3,000 word, exculsive of footnotes. (article submissions 기사제출물, article 앞에 관사나 뒤에 복수형태가 아무것도 없기 때문에 뒤에 수를 타나내줘야 한다.)
*35. (advance/advanced) notice (advance notice 사전통보, 한덩어리로 생각. advanced 진보한/고급의)
Collocation(연어) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRm-gW1Z0t8&t=907s
8. *assume the role of *liasion officer (역할을 맡다, 연락)
9. his own way to *provide leadership (리더십을 발휘하다)
*16. *extend an invitation to you (초청하다, share: X)
17. *extend their gratitude by treating A to B (one's의 감사를 표하다)
19. has *posed a risk to those with low incomes. (해가 되다/위험을 초래하다(=present a hazard/hindrance), emerge: vi, express: XXX)
20. to *call attention to the campaign. (to에 관심을 끌다/주의를 환기시키다)
22. *lift a ban on sth imports (금지하다)
24. *pay a visit (방문하다)
25. *have reservations about (의구심을 갖다, about까지 한 세트)
26. *retain a copy of document (복사본을 간직해라, hold : 쥐고있는 느낌으로 어색함)
27. *consult the operations manual (~을 참고하다, refer : X, refer to : O)
29. *issue a permit (허가증을 발급하다, permission : *불가산n)
30. cannot *find time to study (시간을 내다, don't have : O)
구동사 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpKPB-aCGHc
2. *roll out 출시하다 (=launch=introduce)
3. go/follow through with 진행하다/완수하다 (=proceed with=carry out)
4. *set forth 제시하다/시작하다 (=state=present/=set out=depart)
5. follow through on (약속,의무)이행하다/지키다 (=go through with=fufill=honor/keep promise=)
6. *bring about 초래/야기하다 (=cause)
8. put off 미루다 (=postpone=delay)
9. draw up 작성/준비/구성하다 (=draft/=prepare/=put together)
10. push back (일정을) 뒤로 미루다 (=reschedule=defer)
11. bring forward 앞당기다 (=move forward=advance)
12. *wind up 마무리하다/끝내다 (=end up=*wrap up=finish)
13. iron out (문제/갈등)해결하다 (=resolve=settle)
15. factor in 고려하다 (=take into account=consider)
*16. account for 설명하다/정당화하다 (=explain=justify=clairfy) (뒤에 수치가 나오면)차지하다 (=take up=make up) 책임지다 (=take responsibility for=handle)
17. look into 조사하다 (=investigate=examine)
18. sort out 정리하다/처리하다 (=organize=put into order/=resolve=handle)
19. fill in for 대신하다 (=replace=substitute for=stand in for=cover for)
21. step down 사임하다/물러나다 (=resign=retire)
23. *reach out to 연락하다 (=contact=get in touch with=communicate with=connect with)
24. spell out 자세히 설명하다/명확하게 말하다 (=explain clearly=make clear)
25. rule out 배제하다/제외하다 (=exclude=disregard=dismiss=eliminate)
26. back out of (갑자기) 취소하다/빠지다 (=withdraw from=pull out of=opt out of)
29. clear up (문제/오해) 해결하다 (=clarify=sort out=rectify)
30. point out 지적하다/강조하다 (=indicate=mention=note=highlight)
연어2 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOdzj0H3PTg
접속부사 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWcqKAY9D_k
8. The CEO is in a meeting now. __, help yourself to some coffee. (Meanwhile그동안에)
9. We aim to reduce plastic waste ~. __, we'll replace all single-use cups with reusable ones. (To this end이를 위해)
*12. The updated policy will reduce paperwork. __, it will ensure that all safety protocols are strictly followed. (In general/More importantly/As a result)
- paperwork를 줄인다고 해서 결과적으로 safety가 지켜지는 것은 아니기에, as a result결과적으로은 아니다.(인과성 부족)
- In general일반적으로,대체적으로 : 마찬가지로 paperwork와 safety protocol간에 접점이 없다.
- More importantly중요하게도 : 업데이트된 정책이 문서작업을 줄이고, 더 중요하게도 안전규약이 잘 지켜질 것이다. 이므로 정답
*16. We should consider hiring him for the position. __, he has over 15 years of experience in this field. (After all/In the meantime)
- After all결국,어찌됐건 : 그 사람 뽑아야 돼. 어찌됐건, 15년 경력 있잖아.
- Above all무엇보다도 In the meantime그동안에
3. 넥서스 토익 900 플러스 필수 보카
음원파일 링크 → Link
Day1 26.01.12
1. arbitration 중재, 조정 (= mediation)
The government has forced the union to accept binding arbitration in the ongoing transit strike. (구속적 중재)
2. complementary 보충의, 무료의
You'll receive a complementary exercise guide with your purchase of the CV5000 home gym. (with- : -하면)
3. elicit 이끌어내다, 알아내다 (elicitable 이끌어낼 수 있는)
The goal of the advertising campaign is to elicit a positive response from customers.
4. ledger 회계장부
The external auditor found that some of the financial info in the ledger had been fabricated.
5. succinct 간결한
The chairman of the board will expect the proposal to be organized and succinct.
6. run into 우연히 만나다
I recently ran into an old college acquaintance of mine whose firm is looking for new representation.
Day2 26.01.14
1. affirm 단언하다, 확언하다 affirmation 단언 affirmative 단정적인
2. dedication (마음적)헌신, 전념 commitment (책임과 행동으로 이어지는)헌신, 성실, 약속
Over the course of ten years, Mr.Harding has demonstrated his dedication and commitment to the company.
3. defer 연기하다, 미루다
You should inquire with the bank whether you can defer your student loan for another year.
4. embark 착수하다, 태우다 embarkation 착수, 탑승
My son is very excited to embark on his new career as a graphic designer.
5. liability 책임, 채무
6. remittance 송금(액) remit 송금하다 remittee 송금 수취인
If you wish to send remittance online, please visit our website and follow the appropriate link.
7. susceptible 영향받기 쉬운, 감염되기 쉬운
8. liquidate (증권, 상품을)현금화하다, (부채를)청산하다 liquidity 유동자금, 유동성 liquidation 청산, 해체, 파산 creditor 채권자
Expert Design Ltd. has been forced to liquidate its assets to pay its creditors.
Day3 26.01.16
1. wing 부속건물
T-Health Care will open its new $35-million wing to the public on September 16.
2. abate 약해지다, 감소하다 abatement 감소
We expect the problem will gradually abate and have less of an impact on the future growth.
3. align 같은 입장, 태도를 취하게 하다 align with -에 맞추어 조정하다 (job security 고용 보장)
The unions are aligning themselves with the government on the issue of job security in the sector.
4. ascertain (사실/진실을)확인하다, 규명하다 (probe 조사)
A government probe has been launched to ascertain the quality of education provided by the private career colleage.
5. discrepancy 불일치, 차이
An error in the shipping logs caused a minor discrepancy in the inventory details.
6. defy 무시하다, 저항하다 defiance 무시, 저항 defiant 무시하는 (defy description 형언할 수 없는)
7. definitive 최종적인, 결정적인
8. inaugurate ~을 개시/개최하다, 취임시키다 (be on hand toV 준비하다, 참석하다)
The chairman will be on hand to inaugurate the opening of the company's 50th retail store.
9. restrictive 제한하는 (self-employed 자영업, a restrictive monetary policy 금융긴축정책)
I choose to remain self-employed because I find working for other people far too restrictive.
10. recline 눕다, 기대다, 눕히다 (=lean against)
recline against a fence 울타리에 기대다
11. persistence 지속, 집요함 persistent 고집하는 (with persistence 집요하게, by the persistence of the reccession 계속되는 경기침체로 인해)
Ms. Taylor's persistence and infectious enthusiasm have helped the firm achieve international succes.
12. subsequent 이후의, 다음의 subsequently 후에 (subsequent to receiving phone call 전화를 받은 데 이어, rebuke 꾸짖다, 비난하다)
Many subsequent reports have rebuked the initial finding of the internal financial auditor.
Day4 26.01.20
1. ailing 침체한, 병든, 괴로워하는 ailment 병
2. by-product 부산물, 부차적 결과 (=repercussion 반향)
Light pollution is a by-product of keeping our cities and towns illuminated at night.
3. capitalize (on) (~을) 이용하다, 이득을 취하다
Intelligent investors may be able to capitalize on the declining value of stocks during the recession.
4. discretion 재량, 자유 discreet 사려깊은
The decision to negotiate a discount for the client should be left to the discretion of the manager.
5. commensurate 비례한, 액수가 상응하는 (benefits package 복리후생)
We'll offer you a competitive salary and benefits package commensurate with your previous experience.
6. enact (법을)제정하다 (jurisdiction 관할권)
The proposed legislation appears to be based on regulations that have been enacted in other jurisdictions.
7. foreseeable 예측가능한, 예상되는 in/for the foreseeable future 곧/당분간 (eased = *east로 발음 들림)
The CFO of Banktrust expects current credit restrictions to be eased for the foreseeable future.
8. doom 운명 doomed 불운한, 비극적인 (housing project 주택단지)
Developers of the doomed housing project had to forfeit their initial $20,000 deposit.
9. insubordinate 반항하는, 복종하지 않는
10. mastermind 입안자, 지도자, 총괄자
11. outskirt (=the outlying area) 외곽, 변두리 on the outskirts of -의 변두리에 (commence 시작/개시하다(=여기선 착공하다))
Construction on a new retail plaza has commenced on the outskirts of town.
12. recollect 기억하다, 회상하다 recollection 기억, 회상
13. tentative 주저하는, 임시적인, 잠정적인 (appear to = seem to)
The board of directors appeared to be tentative about accepting the consultant's recommendation.
14. trustee 이사, 수탁자, 수탁자에게 넘기다
+ gratuity 팁, 봉사료 / security details 보안팀 / lit 빛나는
Day5 26.01.21
1. find O O.C O가 O.C하다고 느끼다.
Initially, I found my uncle's decision to pursue a career as a construction worker to be utterly bewildering.
2. premature 조기에 stain 착색제
Q-Paints Inc. has recalled an outdoor wood stain because it prematurely deteriorates in inclement weather.
3. endorse 추천하다, 배서하다, 지지하다
endorse one's opinion / endorse over a bill to sb. ~의 의견을 지지하다 / 배서해서 ~에게 양도하다
4. integrity 성실, 완전(한 상태) rectify 개정하다, 바로잡다
Scott demonstarated plenty of integrity by admitting to his mistake and offering to recify it.
5. penetration 시장진출, 관통
6. as early as 시점 이르면 ~시점에
A spokesperson for A-Tech stated that manufacturing jobs may be outsourced as early as next year.
7. reciprocal 상호의, 서로의 (a chance toV/forN 둘 다 가능하지만, 약간의 V을 강조하냐 N를 강조하냐 뉘앙스차이)
The chairman will give stockholders a chance for reciprocal questioning following his short speech.
8. refute 반박하다 (=disprove=invalidate=deny) falsify 왜곡하다, 위조하다
A newspaper editor for the Daily Mail refutes the claim that he falsified facts in a recent article.
9. unconditional 무조건의 waiver and release 포기와 양도
Once you make your final payment, you must sign an unconditional waiver and release form.
10. rationale 이론적 설명, 근거 rational 합리적인
Below you will find the consultant's main recommendations and rationale he cites for them.
Day6 26.01.22
1. competent 유능한
2. apparentice 견습 (=tyro=tenderfoot) -ship(견습기간)
3. moderately 제법, 알맞게 obsolete(=antiquated) 구식의 *발음*
Despite its antiquated business model and out-of-date machinery, the company remains moderately profitable.
4. comprise 구성/포함하다 be comprised of/in ~로 구성되되다/~에 포함되다 be composed of ~로 구성되다
Our company is comprised of motivated individuals who care about satisfying your needs.
5. extremity 말단,극도,곤경 (=verge=border) in extremities 곤경에 빠져
The heart of the nation's agriculture industry is located in the southern extremity of the country.
6. perishable *발음* 상하기 쉬운 (=decomposable=destructible)
7. elaborate (on) (~에 대해) 상세히 말하다, 정교한 (further=more=더욱)
I would like Mr.D to elaborate futher on the findings from his consumer analysis report.
8. pitfall 빠지기 쉬운 오류/함정
9. indicative 나타내는 (=denotative=demonstrative) indicative of+N N을 나타내는
Declining sales of luxury goods appears to be a trend that is indicative of the current recession.
10. oblige 강요하다
11. retrieval 검색, 복구, 회복
12. idle 활동하지 않는(=unoccupied=unemployed), 게으른
13. rebuke 비난하다,꾸짖다 (=scold=reprimand=chide*발음*=reproach)
14. affordability 할능력,감당비용 afford ~할 여유가 있다. (즉, 주택구입능력이 떨어질것 = 주택구입이 더 어려워질것)
Many morgage experts believe that the affordability of housing will decrease dramtically in the cominig months.
15. overhaul 조사/검사하다
Day7 26.01.24
1. concise *발음* (=succinct) 간결한
2. comparatively 상당히, 비교적으로 (=analogously *발음* 유사하게)
3. array (n)집단, 다수 (v)정렬하다 (ex. an array of 죽 늘어선)
4. shall (강한 의지, 약속, 제안에 관해) 할 것이다
I shall confine my remarks to the direction our organization plans to take this year.
5. infringement (=intrusion) 위반, 침해 (crusade 개혁/반대 운동, copyright 저작권)
The music industry has initiated a crusade against file-sharing programs that violate copyright infringement laws.
6. dilute *발음* 희석하다 (=adulterate 불순한, 섞음질한, 간통한)
Dilute the coffee with water before you drink it.
7. morale *발음* 사기, 군기
8. repetitious 반복적인, 지루한
9. engrave (문자, 도안 등) 새기다
10. plague (v)괴롭히다 (n)역병 (plague with -을 괴롭히다)
The local housing developer has been plagued by constant funding problems that have hindered the project's initiation.
11. ratio *발음* 비율
12. sequence 순서, 연속, 결과
The figures won't add up correctly unless they are entered into the database in the following sequence.
13. pertinent (to) (~에)적절한,관계있는 pertain 관련있다 (Due process 정당한 절차) (rest on = depend on) (habeas corpus=인신보호영장=법원이 부당하게 구속된 사람을 석방토록 하는 영장)
*어려운 내용의 문장* Due process rests on the presumption*발음* of innocence, habeas corpus, and access to pertinent evidence.
14. ineptitude 부적격(부조리), 어리석음 (accusation 비난, 고발) (amid accuasations of A and B A와B의 비난 속에)
The New Democratic Party's popularity has declined greatly since the spring amid accusations of corruption and ineptitude.
+a(covet 탐내다 sometime next month 다음달 중에)
Day8 26.01.26
1. compel 억지로 시키다, 굴복시키다 (compulsion 강제, compelling 매우 설득력있는)
Following the scandal, Mr. Keegan felt compelled to resign from the board.
2. propriety 타당(성), 예의바름 (priority 우선순위)
The director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety of how the funds were raised.
3. hypothesis 가설,가정 (advance/formulate the hypothesis 가설을 제기하다/세우다)
4. negligible 사소한 (retrofit 개조하다 fleet of courier van 택배 차량 fleet 함대, 무리, fleet vehicle 회사/기관 차량, 렌터카, 택시 등)
The cost of retrofitting our fleet of courier van with GPS system will be negligible.
5. conserve 절약하다, 보존하다 (conservation 절약, 보존 conservative 보수적인)
6. dissolve 무효화하다, 녹이다 (dissolve in ~을 녹이다, dissolve parliament 의회를 해산시키다)
7. entail 수반하다 (entail health risks 건강에 위협을 초래하다, volatile nature 변덕스러운 성격)
8. pledge 맹세하다, 약속하다 (pledge toV V할것을 약속하다)
9. retaliation 보복 (=reprisal=retribution)
10. inception 초기, 시작
Long before the inception of the morden Olympics, ~
+a (special alloys 특수 합금, complete with ~가 구비된)
Day9 26.01.27
1. plummet (vi)폭락하다, 뛰어들다
Oil manufacturing shortages caused the Dow Jones Industrial Average to plummet 235 points today.
부사적 목적어 : '변동폭'이나 '수치'를 나타내는 시간, 거리, 무게, 정도 등을 나타내는 명사를 자동사 뒤에 전치사 없이 바로 붙여 부사처럼 사용하는 경우 (뉴스나 기사에서 간결하게 전달하기 위함)
관련 빈출동사 : (하락계열) fall/drop, plunge/dive, slide vs (상승계열) rise/jump, soar/rocket, climb
2. appreciate 고마워하다, 가치를 인정하다(v), 이해하다
Guests will appreciate the functional tools that make mixing the perfect drink look effortless.
3. covert 비밀스러운
4. reside *발음* (contestant 참가자)
Contestants must reside in Aus and must have reached the age of majority in their state to be eligible.
5. allowable 허용되는, 합법적인 (lead 납)
The sick were reported to have had a level that was three times the allowable limit for lead.
7. denote 표시하다, 상징하다
The researcher placed participants in groups of three and denoted one of each group as A,B, and C.
8. receptacle 그릇, 용기
During the 5-week strike, garbage receptacles overflowing with cups and bottles were a common sight.
9. dire 끔찍한, 지독한 *발음*
You could face dire consequences if you don't begin to manage your health properly.
10. commemorate 기념하다 mast 대,기둥(=pole) half-mast 조기, 반기
Flags are flying at half-mast to commemorate police and peace officers who died in the line of duty.
11. populous 인구밀도가 높은
12. attest 증명하다, 증언하다
13. sparingly *발음* 드물게
Day10 26.01.31
0. compile (자료를)수집하다 compilation 편집(물) compile from ~에서 편찬하다 (to compile and report 연결)
The project will require you to compile data from customer surveys and report your findings.
1. subsequently 그 후에, 그 결과로서 (X연속해서X) (convicted of securities fraud 증권 사기로 유죄판결 받은)
In 2009 he was arrested and subsequently convicted of securities fraud in connection with a massive Ponzi scheme.
2. intuition 직관 (uncanny 섬뜩한, 기이한)
He appears to have an uncanny intuition for discovering solid investment opportunities.
3. provisionally 잠정적으로, 임시로 (*could V ~할 수(도) 있었다(=결국 아니라는거), show jumping 장애물 넘기)
South Africa could lose its bronze medal in show jumping after a horse on the team was provisionally suspended.
4. dwindle 줄어들다, 감소하다 dwindling 쇠퇴하는
5. exclaim 외치다, 소리치다 (tremendously=enormously 엄청나게, the award for excellence 우수상)
He exclaimed that he was tremendously honored to receive the award for excellence in journalism.
6. receptive 잘 받아들이는 (premiere 처음, 최초의, 초연(연극의 첫날), audience 청중(무리) *단/복수n 둘다 가능)
The opera adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale met a receptive audience at its Thursday night London premiere.
7. collate 대조하다, 맞추어보다 (Bravo 훌륭해!, 박수를 보내다, 건배하다, take the time and initiative 시간을 내고, 주도권을 잡다(=솔선수범해서, 먼저나서서))
Bravo to him for taking the time and initiative to collect and collate this information for the group.
8. consequential 결과로 일어나는, 중대한 (prevalence 우세함, 영향력)
Economic development and consequential changes in lifestyle and diet might explain China's increasing prevalence.
9. irrespective (of) *발음* (~와)관계/상관없는 (respective 각각의, commnunal 공동의 one another 서로)
The workers were assigned communal housing, irrespective of the fact that they didn't know one another.
10. dissipate (=dispel=disperse) 사라지다, 흝어지게 하다 (weaken to ~으로 약해지다 a tropical depression 열대성 저기압)
Hurricane Milton weakened to a tropical depression on Wednesday and is expected to dissipate overnight, said forecasters.
11. fray 닳게 하다 (frayed and worn out 닳고 낡은)
Boeing Inc. cancelled 43 flights over the weekend as inspectors looked for frayed or worn out wires.
12. implicate 관련시키다, 연루시키다 (alleged 추정되는, 의심되는, 혐의받는, allegations *뜻*혐의, solicit 간청하다, 유혹하다, 청탁하다)
*해석 The lawsuits implicate several financial advisors who are alleged to have solicited investment fund. (완료 부정사(to have + p.p.)를 사용하여 소송(lawsuit)보다 '유치한 것(solicited)'이 과거의 일임을 나타냄)
13. misrepresent 잘못 전하다, 부정확하게 말하다 (*be fed up with 싫증나다, 진절머리 나다, overbook and ads that ~ 초과예약과 ~한 광고)
At least one official is fed up with overbooked planes and ads that misrepresent the true cost of air travel.
+a(shrill 날카로운, dubbed 더빙된,~라고 불리는)
Day11 26.02.02
1. referral *발음(뤠-풔-럴)* 소개, 참조, 추천 (a general practitioner *발음* 일반 개업의)
Before you can see the specailist, you'll need to get a referral from a general practitioner.
2. contingent *뜻* ~에 따라 결정되는 (=dependent=uncertain=probable) (be contingent upon ~에 따라 결정되다, contingency 우연)
3. configuration 상대적외형, 배치, 형태 (Only 오직 ~해야만)
Only one particular configuration of the computers in the lab will allow the printing service to operate.
4. preparatory 준비의, 서론의
5. preamble *발음(프리앰-벌)* 서론, 서문
The preamble to the training guide briefly introduces the reader to the goals of the program.
6. part ways 결별하다 (발표시점에서 결별이 '진행중'이라는 '상태'를 나타내므로 is parting을 쓰는 것이 맞다.)
Nestle became the first major sponsor to announce it is parting ways with Olympic champion Michael Phelps.
7. scrutiny 정밀조사 scrutinize 조사하다
8. annex (v)합병하다, 부가하다 (n)별/신관, 부가물 (=affix)
9. confer 수여하다, 주다, 협의하다 (on/with/about ~에게/~와/~에 대해) (Demo ~ elect까지 한호흡이며 (citizens ~ elect)가 trust를 수식 : 시민들이 그들이 선출한 사람)
*문장구조* Democracy requires that the trust citizens confer on those they elect / must always be respected.
10. refreshments 다과 (be lined up 줄 서다)
They are being lined up to provide free refreshments and to pay for parking.
11. poised *발음&뜻* 준비된, 침착한 (be poised toV V할 준비가 되다)
*뜻 The government is poised to introduce a tough new bill on credit cards that would limit interest rate. (그래서 무슨 뜻이냐? 금리 제한할 것!)
12. insinuate *뜻* 넌지시 내비치다 (=allude=ascribe=imply=indicate) insinuator 넌지시 말하는 사람 insinuation 암시 (insinuate oneself to a somone's favor 교묘히 남의 환심을 사다)
The Chinese government considers the visit an insult, and they insinuate there will be conseqeunces. (그 방문이 모욕이다.)
13. plenary *뜻&철자&발음* 전원출석한, 완전한
14. buoyancy *발음(보이언-씨)* 부력, (주가) 상승경향
+a (asbestos 석면, decade *발음(데-케이드,디x)*)
Day12 26.02.04
1. precise *LC오청가능* 정확/명확한 precision 정확 precisely(=expressly) 정확/명확하게
2. preside (over) *발음* (~을) 주재하다/통솔하다
3. sequel (to) (~의) (영화,책 등의)속편, 결과 (franchise 독점판매권, grossing 총수익, N of all time. (최상급 명사 뒤에 위치) 역대)
The Star Wars franchise spawned the some of the highest grossing sequels of all time.
(=스타워즈 프랜차이즈는 역대 최고 수익을 올린 속편들 중 일부를 탄생시켰다.=스타워즈 시리즈는 역대 최고 흥행 속편들을 다수 배출한 프랜차이즈입니다.=스타워즈가 역대 수익 1위권 속편들 많이 만들었지.)
4. reputable 평판 좋은 (be reputed toV ~라고 알려져 있다.)
Health Officials are warning people to buy their snacks only from reputable street vendor after the E.coli outbreak. (오직 믿을만한 노점상에서만 먹거리를 사라고 ~)
5. instigate (toV) (~하도록) 부추기다, 강구하다 (homeland security 고국 안보, combat 싸우다) <-> investigate 조사하다
The agency responsible for homeland security will instigate new measures / to combat domestic terrorism.
6. single out 골라내다, 하나 꼽다 (in bridging the gap 격차를 해소하면서)
Experts singled out education as a vital tool in bridging the gap between the rich and poor.
7. incumbent 현직의,재직중의
Exit polls suggest that incumbent Tom has a clear lead in Indonesia's presidential election.
8. facilitator 촉진자,진행자
I see my role as that of a facilitator, enabling other people to work in the way that suits them best.
(my role = that of a facilitator 내 역할 = 진행자의 '그것(여기선 my role)'이므로 that of가 빠지면 안 된다.)
9. lavish (adj)호화/사치스러운(v)아낌없이주다/낭비하다 (lavish (in) (~에) 아낌없는 long-awaited 오래 기다려온)
Greece will open its long-awaited Acropolis Museum in Athens on Sat evening with lavish ceremony. (its=Greece 그리스가 오래 기다려온)
10. relinquish 포기하다,양도하다 (Begrudgingly *발음(버그러-징리)* 마지못해)
Begrudgingly, the father finally relinquished control of the famiily-owned business to his eldest son.
11. nuisance *발음(누-센스)* 골칫거리, 귀찮은 일 (nuance 미묘한차이)
+a(collude 담합/공모하다, )
*뉴스 유형* Health care spending in the U.S. is expected to outpace inflation to reach $471.9 billion in 2008.
*일상 유형* have you been making inquires on Mr.Lewis' behalf into the cost of a round-trip ticket? (Have you making N ~? N하고 있었어?)
Day13 26.02.06
1. Congress 의회,회합 (=legislature=council=parliament) narrowly 좁게/간신히, by-election 보궐선거
He was narrowly elected to Congress following yeterday's by-election in Madison County
2. preferential 우선의, 선택적인 (sign the pact 계약/조약에 서명하다, be given preferential treatment 우대를 받다)
*청해로 이해 어려운 문장* The proposed free trade agreement includes preferencial tariff rates for any country that agrees to sign the pact.
3. predecessor 전임자 (imporvement in its predecessors 전작의 개선)
3. stipulate *뜻* 규정하다, (계약에 따라) 명시화하다 (stipulation 조건, 조항) <-> stimulate 자극하다
4. distantly 멀리 (genealogical 족보의, 계보의, 혈통의)
5. trade (in) 교환하다 (for) ~에 거래되다 (A for B) A와 B를 바꾸다 (regulatory body 규제 기관/기구)
6. speculation (on/in) (~에) 투기하다 (n)추측, 예측 (speculate 숙고/추측하다 speculator 투기꾼, N with much to offer 제공/기여/제안할 것이 많은, severance package 퇴직금 *)
Although a valuable employee with much to offer, Mr.Lyons has requested severance package that exceeds our budget.
7. appraise (at) (~라) 평가하다, 어림잡다 (appraisal 평가, 감정, 견적, estate 재산, the late 고인)
* Attorneys handling the estate of Mr.Jackson announced plans are in place to appraise the belongings of the late singer. (plans are in place toV V할 계획이 준비되어 있다)
8. at a loss 어쩔 줄 몰라서 cut one's loss(es) ~의 손실을 줄이다
WestJet said Friday it is splitting into two businesses as it reported a fourth-quarter net loss of $3.29 billion US. *숫자관련기사예문*
9. custodial 관리의, 보호의
The prime minister said that he supports custodial management, which would see the federal government extend its jurisdiction. (보호 관리를 지지한다 말했고, 이로인해 연방전부가 관할권을 확대할 것으로 보인다.)
10. penalize (for) *발음* (~의 이유로) 벌하다 (penalization 벌칙부과, 유죄선고)
11. impoverished 가난한, 피폐해진 (an impoverished region 가난지역)
12. retrieve 되찾다,회수하다,검색하다 (beyond retrieve 회복할 가망이 없는, retrievable 회복가능한)
13. exert *발음* 행사하다, 발휘하다 (exert pressure on ~에 압력을 행사하다, exertion 분발, (권력의) 행사)
14. abrasive 마찰을 일으키는, 연마제 (abrasion 마찰,찰과(상), corrosion and abrasion 침식과 부식, tub 욕조,통 )
While an abrasive cleaner might help you remove stubborn rings, it will surely scratch the surface of your tub.
15. remuneration 보수, 보상, 급료 remunerate ~에 보답하다 (in return for 그 대가로/답례로)
In return for some caretaking duties, we are offering a free apartment and a small remuneration.
16. steer 조종하다 (steerage 조종, steer one's way to ~로 향하다)
Despite the captain's best efforts to steer the ship away from the approaching vessel, he could not avoid a collision.
17. prestige 명성, 위신 be used toV ~였다/하곤했다(현재는 아님), be used to N/-ing ~에 익숙하다
There used to be a thing called a prestige accent that would help you get hired for a good job.
18. the interested parties 이해관계자, the parties concerned 당사자, 관계자, a minority/majority party 소수/다수당
19. retrospective (n)회고전, (v)회고/소급하는 (a retrospective pay award 소급 적용되는 임금 지급)
+a(astute 예리한, a large archive of old, classified documents 오래된 기밀 문서, A party was held to mark the occasion 특별한 날을 기념하기 위한 행사 )
Day14 26.02.11
1. consensus (=unanimity=unity) 일치,합의,여론 reach (a) consensus 합의에 도달하다 general consensus 일반적인 여론
2. *발음* cordial (=affable=affectionate) 진심의, 우호적인
3. instructional (=pedagogical=educational) 교육상의
4. premise 전제 premises (pl.)점포,토지 on the premises 점포 내에서 plausible premises and conlusion 그럴듯한 전제와 결론
5. preliminary (=introductory) (adj)예비의,초기의,사전의 preliminary to ~에 앞서 preliminary work on the case 그 건에 대한 준비 작업
Suntech has announced it is engaged in preliminary merger discussions with an oil and gas exploration company.
6. (e)numerate 세다,열거하다,수리적인 in numerals 숫자로 literate 교양있는 on the cutting edge 최첨단에
MBA graduates are literate, numerate, and have outstanding IT skills that are on the cutting edge.
7. absent (=nonexistent=unavailable) 결석한
The proposed plan provides income protection to an employee absent due to illness or injury.
(형용사 위치에 따른 의미 변화 : (명사뒤)an employee absent 직원결근(상태) ex:법률,공문 vs (명사앞)an absent employee 결근한 직원(특성) ex:HR,Mail)
8. propel 가속화하다,추진하다
Precious metals propelled mutual funds higher in September for the fifth straight month in a row. (n개월째 연속)
9. accommodating 상대하기 쉬운, 친절한 accommodating with A A에게 친절한, accommodate up to 300 people 300명을 수용하다
10. argumentative (=belligerent=contentious *발음) 논쟁적인,호전적인 tolerant 관대한, intolerant 참을성없는
Jaon noticed dramatic changes in her personality after giving up smoking-she had become intolerant, argumentative, and emotional. (Joan = her = she, 하이픈(-)은 앞선 내용(성격변화)에 대한 부연설명, had become의 완료시점 = noticed한 시점)
11. cramped 비좁은,답답한
12. compilation (=collection=accumulation=assortment) 편집(물)
It's more than just a time capsule, this compliation is often called one of Jazz's finest.
13. punitive 형벌/징벌의 a punitive damages 징벌적 손해배상금
The U.S. Supreme Court has cut a punitive damages award (in the worst oil spill in U.S. history) by one-third. (one-third 1/3)
14. proxy (=representative=agent=deputy) 대리(인),위임 vote by proxy 대리로 투표하다, get one's proxy 위임권을 갖다 (iron ore *발음(=or)* 철광석 saw, of a *발음*)
Australia's biggest publicly traded iron ore company saw its sales shrink as it absorbed the costs of a proxy fight.
15. mediator (=advocate=arbiter=arbitrator=broker) *발음* 중재인, 조정자 mediately 간접적으로
A mediator is brought in to help settle the dispute. (is brought in *발음(=broad in)* 반입되다,영입되다)
+a(animosity 악의/증오, the brave new world 멋진 신세계(올더스 헉슬리의 소설 제목에서 유래) 격변하여 낯설고 신기하거나, 한편으로는 두려운 새로운 환경/시대, He was hurted on its way to museum)
Day15 26.02.13
1. domicile (=abode=accommodation) 주소 be domiciled in/at ~에 정주하다
2. rebound (=get back on=overcome=revive) 회복하다/되돌아오다
Asian markets rebounded Thursdays as U.S senators prepared to vote on legislation to increase the financial bailout package.
3. in times prosperity 번영기에, in search of prosperity 성공을 좇아
The value of the company's stock *rose steadily in the 1990s, reflecting its growing prosperity. *LC때 rise의 과거형임을 인식해야함
4. preferably 오히려/더좋아하며 preferably including French 프랑스어 우대 enumerate 열거하다, 낱낱이 세다
We could easily enumerate the many reasons why your business would be better *off advertising on the Internet. *better 그 대상 자체 better off 주로 경제적인 부분
5. amenable 순종하는/따르는
Mr.Dent's strongest criticism was reserved for the general manager of the fallen company, whom *he distrusted intensely. *he는 Mr.Dent이고, was reserved for ~위해 남겨졌다(=비판이 총괄매니저에 대한 비판이라는 뜻)
The committee might be more amenable to your plan if you explained how much money it would save.
6. dismay 당황/놀람/두려움, 당황하게하다 to one's dismay 놀랍게도/낙담스럽게도 in/with dismay 두려워하여/망연자실하여
To his dismay, the new clerk discovered that free parking was not a perk *extended to interns. *문법문제로 능/수동 여부를 물을 수 있다. (=인턴에게까지 허용된 특전)
7. avid *발음(애-비드) 열심인 avid for ~을 갈망하여 an avid moviegoer 열열한 영화광
He is also an avid runner who takes on everything from 10km races *and up. *from A : A로부터, from A and up : A이상의
8. centennial 100년마다
9. repetitive *발음(뤼-페더디브) 반복적인 toll 통행료, 희생 take a toll 대가를 치르다
Repetitive stress injuries, like 'mouse' elbow, have *taken a toll on office workers in the digital age. *take a toll on sb : sb에게 피해를 입히다 (마우스사용으로 인한 팔꿈치 통증)
9. impurity 불결/불순 remove/fill out impurities 불순물을 제거하다/거르다
The presence of impurities in the drinking water *was blamed for the death of all three villagers. *be blamed for A : ~의 비난을 받다, ~의 책임을 맡다(=여기선 죽음의 '원인이 되다')
10. excursion 유람/소풍/답사 go on/for an excursion 소풍가다 make/take an excursion toA A로 야유회 가다
11. longevity *발음(론-제버디) 수명
+a(a slew/plenty of fruits 다수의 과일)
Day16 26.02.21
1. consulate *발음:칸-설릿* 영사관, irretrievable 회복할 수 없는
2. emphatically *발음:임-패디컬리* 단호히, 강조하여, inflict (고통을) 가하다,주다
Bullets worry poilce because they're designed to inflict huge amounts of damage on target. (사물 worry 사람 : 사람이 걱정하다, 여기서 they는 bullets)
3. crate 나무상자, winterize 겨울을 나다, 방한 장치를 하다
4. substantially 상당히
5. consecrate *발음(컨-세크레잇)* (=devote=dedicate) 바치다 consecrated 성스러운 cathedral *발음(캐-씌듀롤)* 성당
6. accomplice *어-컴플리스* 공범, 연루자
U.S federal prosecutors have indentified an alleged accomplice, a childhood friend, in the killing of the councilman. (앤-얼레지-드컴플리스 : 공범으로 알려진/의심받는)
7. eradicate 근절하다
Do all it can to eradicate corruption 부패 척결을 위해 다 해라/모든 수단을 강구해라
8. proceed 나아가다, 진척되다 proceed to/with ~로나아가다/~을계속하다
*일상생활* Everyone should gather their notes and proceed to the conference room in fifteen minutes. 모두 노트를 챙겨서 15분 후에 회의실로 가야한다.
9. deduction (=reduction=discount) 공제
State governments want to convert an existing tax dedcution for contributions by business to a non-refundable tax credit. 사업체의 기부금에 대한 기존 세금 공제
10. prosperous 번영하는, 순조로운
11. deflect from/to ~에서 방향을 돌리다/~쪽으로 방향을 돌리다, 전가하다 *scramble toV V하기에 급급하다.
Semiconductor industry spokespeaple have scambled to deflect criticism over the recent price fixing scandal. 대변인은 비난을 전가하기에 급급했다. 가격 협정에 관한
12. procession 행렬, 진행 casket (=coffin) 관
*Thousands of people lined the streets of London as a large procession accompanied / the casket of a fallen soldier. 런던 거리를 줄지은 수천명의 사람들 / 대규모 행렬로 / 따라갔다 전사자의 관을
13. assertive *발음(어-썰디브)* 단호한, 독단적인
France secured its passage to the 2010 World Cup with an assertive 3-0 victory over European rival, Germany. 2010년 진출권 확보했다 / 단연 3대0으로 승리하여 / 유럽의 라이벌인 독일에
13. refine upon/on ~을 정제하다, 개량하다 refined sugar 정제된 설탕
14. confiscate (=impound=sequester) 몰수/압수하다
Organizers of the event will send teams of observers to confiscate material which infringes upon the brand. 행사주최자들은 감사팀을 보낼 것 상표를 침해한 물품을 압수하기 위해
(어떤 감사팀인지 몰라서 the를 뺏고, material도 마찬가지이다. 추가로 구체적인 자료들인 경우 materials로, 추상적이거나 총칭적인 의미일때는 s없이 쓴다.)
15. inordinate (=immoderate=extravagant) 과도한,지나친
16. insolvent (=bankrupt=busted) 파산의,파산자 let alone ~은 물론이고, ~은 말할 것도 없이
17. detachment 분리,이탈,고립 detached house 단독주택
Detachment from coworkers is often cited as a source of not only job stress but also dissatisfaction.
18. straightforward 간단한,정직한 petty straightforward procedure 아주 간단한 과정
19. emporium 큰 상점,백화점
20. consignment 위탁(화물) consign 위탁하다, 건네주다
+a(제출관련 No offical date has yet been set for the submission of applications, but we expect it to be in June.
prop up 버티다/지탕하다 to help prop up the ailing auto industry)
Day17 26.04.06
1. contestant 경기자,경쟁자 (=competitor=candidate=participant)
2. impartial 공정한 contend 주장하다(=argue=claim), 다투다
Mr.Johnson resigned from the inquiry because many thought he was too biased to lead an impartial investigation. (too 형/부 to V : 너무 형/부해서 V할 수 없다.)
3. contest 논쟁하다,이의를 제기하다 (=debate=dispute=argue=doubt)
Griffin Pharmaceutical announced it would contest any claims made against the safety of its product. (제품 안정성에 제기된 어떠한 주장(make a claim -> a claim made)에도 이의를 제기할 것)
4. procurement 조달,획득 (=acquisition=attainment) procurement process 조달 과정 procurement department 구매부
The procurement of inexpensive steel and iron is a vital step in controlling our manufacturing costs.
5. impair 해치다,손상시키다 (=worsen=damage=injure=harm) impair one's health 건강을 해치다
A recurring eblow injury has flared up and may impair her chances of winning the tournament. (recur *뤠-커얼* 재발하다, flare up 타오르다, 증상/분노/갈등이 도지다,심해지다)
6. surprise 놀라게하다(타v)
She surprised the group with her suggestion to collect money for the needy becasue she's not known for her altruism. (그녀는 모두를 놀라게했다. 가난한 사람들을 위해 돈을 모으자는 제안으로)
7. upscale 부자의,평균이상의 (=opulent)
The formely decrepit warehouse district is now a trendy place to be seen, sporting numerous upsacle restaurants and cafes. (decrepit 낡은,노쇠한 sport 자랑하다, 뽐내다, formerly *폴-머얼리* 이전에 vs formally *폴-믈리* 공식적인)
8. procrastinate 꾸물거리다,미루다 (=idle=lag=linger=loiter)
9. corrosion 부식,침식 (=erosion=rust=decay=deterioration)
10. demoralize 의지를꺾다 (=bewilder 당황케하다) be set to V V될 예정이다 (ex: set to begin/become 시작될/될 예정이다)
11. dignitary 고위인사,유명인사
The city fathers declined to present the Dalai Lama with a gift, saying he wasn't an official dignitary. (The city fathers : 시의원, 시의유지 등, decline 거절V)
12. infuriate 화나게하다 (=enrage,anger,irritate) be infuriated at ~에 격분하다
Fat bonuses for bankers who lose money continue to infuriate the public, but they're not uncommon. (Fat bonuses 뚱뚱한 보너스 -> 상당한 보너스, they're not uncommon 일반적이지 않다 -> 흔한 일이다)
13. redemption 상환,회수,구원 (=compensation,amends,reparation,atonement 보상,배상) warranty redemption 보증이행(제품에 문제가 생겼을 때 보증서를 통해 수리·교체·환불을 요청하는 것)
You have to pay commissions on the purchase and redemption of each single coporate bond. (수수료를 지불해야한다 구매하고 상환할 때, 각 단일 회사채(coporate bond)를)
14. refurbish 일신하다,새롭게하다 (=restore=renovate=clean up 복원하다)
The developers refurbished the building inside and out, returning this once proud structure to its original glory. (빌딩 안팎을 개조하여, 한때 훌륭했던 건물을 원 상태로 되돌렸다.)
15. crawl (n)서행,(vi)기어가다 + into/out of (~로/~로부터) to a crawl 아주 느리게(전+명구)
The snowstorm forced airlines to cancel flights, reduced visibility on roads, and slowed city traffic to a crawl. (폭설이 도시 교통을 기어가는 수준으로 늦췄다)
16. loath 싫어하는,혐오스러운 (=reluctant=unwilling=disinclined) be loathed toV V하는 것을 싫어하다
17. cohernt 일관된 (=consistent=orderly=organized) a coherent plan 일관된 계획
18. demolition 해체, 파괴 (=annihilation*발음(어-나일-레이션)*=extermination=explosion)
+a(디자인 : The image must be simple enough on the left and right / to allow text to be legible on top. 좌우 이미지는 충분히 간단하게 해야 한다 / 위에 있는 텍스트를 읽기 쉽도록
5형식2개 : A problem with the encryption devices that make credit card transfers safe / has banks and retailers worried. 신용카드 이체를 안전하게하는 장치의 문제점이 은행과 소매업자들을 걱정하게 만든다.
설명서 : Use the on-screen menu / to make adjustments to the color and brigtness of your monitor. 화면 상 메뉴를 사용하세요 / 조정하려면)
Day18 26.05.13
1. impractical (to) (~에)비실용/비현실적인 (=abstruct=absurd=illogical=improbable)
The software is limited / compared to what's built into traditional desktop software, making it impractical for more complex tasks. (제한적이다 데스크탑에 비해, 그래서 더 복잡한 작업에는 it(=the software)이 실용적이지 않다.)
2. fleeting 순식간의 (=momentary=brief=temporary=transient) pass fleetingly over 순식간에 지나가다
*해석* 'It' girls and boys are ordinary people who become fleetingly famous / for nothing more than just being famous. (for ~때문에/~로 인해, nothing more than ~일뿐/~에불과한, just being famous 그저 유명한 것 *즉, '어떤 이유 없이' 그저 유명한 사람이기 때문에 유명해졌다.)
3. dilate *발음(다일-레잇)* 확장하다(=amplify=broaden=enlarge) dilated 확장한,팽창한 by dilating blood vessels 혈관을 확장함으로써
Such drugs will likely increase heart rates, raise blood pressure, and dilate pupils and airways.
4. proliferate 번식/증식하다(vi,vt) (=breed=expand=multiply)
5. deflate 수축시키다,꺾다 (=decrease=diminish=shrink=squash) deflation 물가하락
A public administrator has been appointed / to help deflate ballooning deficit at ABC Hospital. (불어나는 적자/지출을 줄이기 위해)
6. profusion 풍부,다량(=abundance=ampleness=prosperity) a profusion of 풍부한,많은 in profusion 풍부하게, 많이
The island is known for its colorful tropical birds including rare parrots, and a profusion of plants.
7. perturb 혼란시키다,교란하다 (=disturb=dismay=disorder) be perturbed about/over/at ~을 불안해하다/걱정하다
* Canada's addition to a priority watch list of countries deemed soft on copyright *piracy / will likely perturb the government. (캐나다의 추가 우선 감시대상국 목록에 = 캐나가다 목록에 추가된 것이, 저작권 침해에 대해 관대하다고 여겨진 *파이러-씨(해적질)*)
8. disbursement 지급,지출 (=expenditure=disposal) disburse 지불하다
A total of 24 projects were submitted for consideration / for the fund's first disbursement / since its inception last year. (심사를 위해 24개 프로젝트가 제출됐다, 기금의 첫 번째 지급을 위한, 작년 its(=the fund)기금 시작 이후)
9. exhaustive 철저한 (=thorough*발음(떠-뤄우)*=comprehensive) exhausted 탈진한
An exhaustive search was called off Fri night, and officials will meet Sat to reassess the situation.
10. grievance 불평,불만 file a grievance 불만을 제기하다
The grievance over an increase in pay for rural doctors / is being seen as unreasonable. (도심 의사 혹은 사회적 반발이 있다)
11. vigorous *발음(뷔-거러스)* 활기찬,원기왕성한 (=strenuous=energetic=arduous=hard)
Lawmakers are facing vigorous opposition to the proposed change to the Unemployment Insurance Act. (입법자들은 격렬한 반대에 직면중이다. 제안된 실업보험법 변화에 대해)
12. surrender (A to B) 항복하다,넘겨주다 (=give in=yield=succumb=submit) <-> surround 둘러싸다
13. coalition *발음(코울-리션)* 연합,제휴 (=alliance=affiliation=association)
The president was narrowly able to get the crucial bill passed / by forming a coalition with the opposition. (간신히 주요 법안을 통과시킬 수 있었다, 야당과 제휴함으로써)
14. barring ~이없으면,~이외에 (=apart from=aside=excepting=excluding) quash 파기하다/진정시키다 injunction (법적)명령
** A Tech is seeking to *quash an injunction / barring its takeover offer for B Tech, the electron parts manufacturer. (A사는 명령을 무효하려고 한다, B사에 대한 인수제안이 없다면
즉, A 기업이 B 기업을 인수하려고 하는데, 어떤 이유(독점 금지, 적대적 M&A 방어 등)로 인해 법원이 인수를 막는 가처분 명령을 내린 상태입니다. 이에 A 기업이 "이 인수를 막는 법원의 명령을 취소해달라"며 법적 대응에 나섰다는 뜻입니다.)
+a(해석 : The finance committee is once again influencing policy / despite assurances to the contrary that it wouldn't. 재정 위원회는 다시 정책에 영향을 미치고 있다 / 그렇지 않을 것이라는 확신과는 반대로
금융 : *Secured creditors will be paid first, and any profits left over will be split equally between non-secured creditos. 담보 채권자
방산 : The safe house is protected with specially designed armor / to withstand ground and air attacks.
intermediate *발음(인털-미디엇)*, not at all surprisingly 전혀 놀랍지 않게도, not at all 전혀-않다/천만에요or상관없어요)
Day19 26.05.17
1. corridor 복도 (=passage=hallway=aisle)
The meeting will take place *in the conference room *at the end of the corridor. (장소 작성 순서 : 구체적 장소/지점 -> 공간 -> 지역 순, 복도 끝지점(at)의 회의실 안(in)에서 열린다)
2. hilarious *발음(힐-레뤼어스)* 재미있는/웃긴 (=amusing=comical=entertaining) *by any means (긍)어떻게해서든/(부)결코,전혀 chuckle (n)낄낄거림/(v)낄낄웃다
The movie wasn't hilarious by any means, but it was worth a few chuckles. (결코 재밌지 않았지만, 약간 웃겼다)
3. mostly *주로/대체로 (=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally) higher *발음(hire처럼 들림) chobbpy 고르지못한/변동이심한 session 회의/기간/활동/학기 in the wake of ~의 여파로
*Wall Street finished a choppy session mostly *higher in the wake of the latest auto industry bailout. (변동이 심한 기간을 대체로 높게 막감했다 최근 자동차 산업 구제금융 여파로)
4. staple (A together) 스테이플로 고정시키다/주요한 staple foods 주식(음식) staple commodities 주요 상품
5. projection 예상(치)/예측 (=forecast=estimation=calculation=computation) project 추정/예측V
ABC Industries exceeded second quarter revenue projections by generating over $130 million in profits.
6. encircle 둘러/에워싸다
We would also need to provide direct access to the airport, not like the twisting roads that encircle the city.
7. marvelous 훌륭한/놀라운 (=extraordinary=amazing) a close 끝/마감
As summer draws to a *close, it is a marvelous time for getting outdoors and taking a walk. (여기서 close는 끝/마감이라는 가산n이므로 a close로 쓴다)
8. composite 복합물 (=complex=compound=conglomerate) scarp 폐기하다/버리다
The Basketball Association will *scrap its new microfiber composite ball and bring back the old leather one in March. (합성볼을 쓰지 않고, 다시 도입할 것이다)
9. deviate 벗어나다/벗어나게하다 (=avert=bend=deflect=diverge) deviate from one's usual style 일반적인 스타일에서 벗어나다
10. downfall 전복/파열
Political opponents were predicting the downfall of the government on Sunday, one week before the release of the UN report. (유엔 보고 발표 일주일 전인 일요일에)
11. *dilapidated 허물어진/허름한 (=damaged=impaired=shabby) dilapidate 황폐하게하다 the collapse of a dilapidated seven-story building
12. invoke 유발시키다 (=put into effect=initiate) invocation (신께) 기도/기원 incriminate 유죄선고하다/불리하게하다
*The accused is free to invoke his constitutional right not to incriminate himself - also knwon as "Taking the fifth". (피고는 자유롭게 권리를 행사할 수 있다. 미국 수정헌법 제5조에 명시된 자기부죄거부권(묵비권))
13. ejection 쫓겨남/추방 (=banishment=disbartment=discharge) eject 쫓아내다/추방하다
There have been calls in the NFL for automatic game ejections and suspensions for fighting. (NFL에서는 요구가 있었다, 싸움에 대한 자동 경기 퇴출과 출전 정지에 대한)
14. fledgling *(발음)플레-질링* 미숙한/신생의/신출내기 (=beginning)
Micron will assign some of its own employees including factory engineers, to act as consultants to fledgling technology firms. (직원들을 컨설턴트 역할을 배정할 것, 신생기술회사에)
15. compromise 타협/화해하다
The minority government will have to compromise with the opposition if it wants to pass the bill.
16. grandeur 장대/웅대/위풍 (=splendour=glory=majesty=magnificence)
17. disorder 장애/질환/무질서 (=illness=sickness=disease=malady)
The number of veterans on disability for post-traumatic stress disorder has climbed significantly in the decades. (외상후 스트레스 장애를 겪는 퇴역군인 숫자가 증가했다.)
18. deductible 공제할 수 있는 deduction 공제/삭감 deduct 공제하다/빼다
Some expenses, for example office telephone bills, are tax deductible, so you should keep all *reciepts. (일부 비용들은 세금공제가 가능하므로, ~. *발음(뤼-씨츠)*)
19. proponent 제안자/지지자 propone 제안/지지V
20. sanction 제제/처벌/승인/허가 (=authoriztion=warrant=license=endorsement) battery 일련의 (=series=chain)
The UN imposed tough sanction on North Korea after the nation test fired another *battery of missiles. (북한에 강력한 제제를 가했다, 일련의 미사일을 발사한 이후)
21. concerning ~에대한/~와관련된 (=regarding=about=respecting=relating to)
22. surcharge 부가요금/추징금/할증금
Air passengers will likely have to pay a fuel surcharge for several more months, even though the price of oil is dropping.
+a(reinforcement 보강/강화 Dopamine also serves as positive reinforcement for aggression. 공격성을 긍정적으로 강화시켜준다,
,culinary 요리의 According to many *gastronomy experts, Tokyo has *unseated Paris as the world's culinary capital. 미식가들에 따르면, 도쿄가 자리를 빼앗았다,
rashly 성급히, fragility *발음(프러-질러티)* fragile *발음(프래-절)*)
Day20 26.05.20
1. counterfeit 위조된/위조하다/가짜 (=forged=spurious*발음(스푸-리우스)*)
All of our cutomer service representatives should be traind on how to identify counterfeit currency.
2. inflexible 경직된,단호한,융통성없는 (=adamant*발음(앳어-먼트)*=determined=firm) an flexible remedy 확실한 치료
The government, for its part, has said nurses have been inflexible with complex pay and benefit demands.
3. undeservedly 부당하게/하찮게
He had an undeservedly small audience due to the weather. ('관객이 적었던 것 자체가 억울하다'이므로 undeservedly due to 보다 자연스럽다)
4. envision 상상하다/마음속에 그리다 (=imagin=conceive)
It's hard to envision anyone paying that much for a company /that lost close to $100 million last year.
5.proprietor (상점,토지)소유주 (=owner=landlord)
The proprietor of this establishment should be made aware that a truck is blocking the emergency fire exit.
6. sternly 엄격하게 (=intensely=rigorrously=roughly=seriously) demonstrate 입증/증명/설명/시위하다 demonstration 시위
Police warned that authorities would deal sternly with demonstrations / that are expected in the city during the G20. (deal sternly with : '구동사 사이에 부사 있을때' 듣기할 때 어려움)
7. precede ~보다 앞서다 (=go before=go ahead of)
The model is based on economic time-series data that fluctuates with the business cycle, but which precedes the business cycle. (economic time-series : (경제시계열)시간 흐름에 따른 경제 데이테)
8. dispatch 급파/급보하다 (=send=post=mail=transmit)
Among the the latest dispathes was a CNR report of an outbreak of fighting in the border regions. (도치구문(C+be+S)으로 여기선 Among~ 부분을 강조. Ex: In the report was a critical error. 보고서 안에 치명적인 오류가 있었다.)
9. drape 걸치다/두르다
To make a ghost costume in a hurry, take a white bed sheet and drape it over your child.
10. disposable n일회용품/adj일회용의 nappy(=diaper)
With little regard for the environment, more and more families are using disposables over washable nappies.(환경을 거의 고려하지 않고)
11. grueling 기진맥진하게 하는/엄한 (=exhausting=demanding=tiring=severe) a grueling trial 힘든 시련
12. adjourn 연기하다/연기되다
*The meeting will be adjourned until after lunch, *at which point we will discuss several important issues.
(관계부사구(at which point그 시점에, at which time그 때에, in which case그러 경우에, by which time그 때까지)는 접속사 역할도 가능하다.
Ex: Call me tomorrow, at which time I'll have the results.내일 전화하세요, 그 때 결과가 나올 거예요.)
13. exposition 전시회/박람회 (=exhibition)
14. hectic 야단법썩인/매우바쁜 (=frantic=chaotic=turbulent*발음(털-뷸런트)*) take a breather 호흡하다/숨고르다
Stock markets from Europe to Asia took a breather yesterday after the hectic pace of the past week.
15. respire *발음(리스-파이얼)*호흡하다/휴식하다 (=exhale*발음(엑스-헤일)*=inhale=oxidate) respirator 방독면
The fish spend time near the surface of the water, where the carbon dioxide they respire moves easily back into the atmosphere.
16. infallible (in) 틀림없는/확실한/오류가 없는 *far from infallible 확실한 것과는 거리가 멀다(=오류가 있을 수 있다.)
It's chilling to realize that GPS technology is far from infallible, because our safety so often depends on it. (소름끼치는 일이다, far from infallible
17. **discharge 해고/방출/해방/취소하다
Newly discharged patients must be escorted to the lobby by wheelchair and be signed out by the duty nurse.
18. remnant 남은/나머지 (remainder=balance=remains=leftover)
Scientists say / a faint burst of radiation discovered last week / is the remnant of a massive stellar explosion.
19. workmanship 솜씨/기술 (=artisanship)
China defended itself, saying a mass recall of toys was not a result of poor Chinese workmanship.ㅇ
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